What role does the hippocampus play in the brain?

The hippocampus is primarily responsible for the formation and storage of memories, making it a crucial component in the brain's memory processing system. It plays an essential role in transforming short-term memories into long-term memories and is particularly involved in spatial memory, which is the ability to navigate and understand the environment. When dementia or other cognitive impairments occur, the functionality of the hippocampus can be deeply affected, leading to memory loss and difficulties in learning new information.

While the hippocampus is closely connected to other areas involved in emotional processing, sensory perception, and motor functions, its main and most recognized role is in memory storage. This makes it a vital focus for understanding conditions like dementia, where memory impairment is a significant symptom.